Sains Malaysiana 53(6)(2024): 1269-1280

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5306-04

 

Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Fruit Flour as Potential Prebiotics for Selected Probiotics and Phytochemical Profiling of its Methanolic Extract by LC-MS/MS       

(Tepung Buah Metroxylon sagu Rottb. sebagai Potensi Prebiotik untuk Probiotik Terpilih dan Pemprofilan Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanolnya dengan LC-MS/MS)

 

REZA FADHILLA1,2 , NANCY DEWI YULIANA1,3, FERI KUSNANDAR1,3 & HARSI DEWANTARI KUSUMANINGRUM1,3,*

 

1Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

2Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Kota Jakarta Barat, Indonesia

3Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology Center – SEAFAST, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

 

Received: 29 December 2023/Accepted: 13 May 2024

 

Abstract

The plant of Metroxylon sago Rottb. which is found abundantly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, is famous as carbohydrate producing plants. The sago fruit has not been yet extensively used, although they are rich in oligosaccharides which is potential as prebiotic. Sago fruit flour was studied as growth substrate for five selected probiotics and phytochemical profile of its methanol extracts were determined. All bacteria grew well up to 24 h on the growth medium containing sago fruit flour as carbohydrate substitute. However, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FNCC 0099 and Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 showed viability stability up to 72 h, while the others were slightly decreased. The sago fruit flour contained 20.4 mg/g total sugars, 14.8 mg QE/g flavonoids, and 36.7 mg GAE/g phenolics. After extraction of the fruit flour with 80% methanol using an ultrasonicator at 55 °C at 40 kHz for 40 min, the extract was analysed for its phytochemical profiles using untargeted LC-MS/MS screening with negative ionization mode. Seven compounds categorised in three distinct groups i.e., sugar alcohol, plant glycosides and fatty acids, have been identified as having possible prebiotic activity. These include ((1xi)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-tris-O-(carboxymethyl)-1-methyl-4-O-methyl-D-glucitol), quercitrin, (15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid, corchorifatty acid F, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl-hexopyranoside, gynocardin, and (4-methylumbelliferone)-b-D-glucopyranoside. As the sago fruit flour has been proved as potential prebiotic in this study, its extensive prebiotics activity, prebiotic index, and stability under digestive condition will be subjected for further study.

 

Keywords: Lactobacillus; Metroxylon sagu Rottb.; phytochemical profile; prebiotic; sago fruit

 

Abstrak

Tumbuhan Metroxylon sagu Rottb. yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina dan Papua New Guinea, terkenal sebagai tumbuhan penghasil karbohidrat. Buah sagu masih belum digunakan secara meluas, walaupun ia kaya dengan oligosakarida yang berpotensi sebagai prebiotik. Tepung buah sagu dikaji sebagai substrat pertumbuhan untuk lima probiotik terpilih dan profil fitokimia ekstrak metanolnya telah ditentukan. Semua bakteria tumbuh dengan baik sehingga 24 jam pada medium pertumbuhan yang mengandungi tepung buah sagu sebagai pengganti karbohidrat. Walau bagaimanapun, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FNCC 0099 dan Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 menunjukkan kestabilan kebolehhidupan sehingga 72 jam, manakala yang lain menurun sedikit. Tepung buah sagu mengandungi 20.4 mg/g jumlah gula, 14.8 mg QE/g flavonoid dan 36.7 mg GAE/g fenol. Selepas pengekstrakan tepung buah dengan 80% metanol menggunakan ultrasonik pada 55 °C pada 40 kHz selama 40 minit, ekstrak dianalisis untuk profil fitokimianya menggunakan saringan LC-MS/MS yang tidak disasarkan dengan mod pengionan negatif. Tujuh sebatian yang dikategorikan dalam tiga kumpulan berbeza iaitu gula alkohol, glikosida tumbuhan dan asid lemak, telah dikenal pasti mempunyai kemungkinan aktiviti prebiotik. Ini termasuk ((1xi)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-tris-O-(carboxymethyl)-1-methyl-4-O-methyl-D-glucitol), quercitrin, (15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid, corchorifatty acid F, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl-hexopyranoside, gynocardin dan (4-methylumbelliferone)-b-D-glucopyranoside. Oleh kerana tepung buah sagu telah dibuktikan sebagai potensi prebiotik dalam kajian ini, aktiviti prebiotik yang meluas, indeks prebiotik dan kestabilan dalam keadaan penghadaman akan tertakluk untuk kajian lebih jauh.

 

Kata kunci: Buah sagu; Lactobacillus; Metroxylon sagu Rottb.; prebiotik; profil fitokimia

 

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*Corresponding author; email: h_kusumaningrum@apps.ipb.ac.id

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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